The Olive Tree (Olea europaea) is a perennial evergreen tree species belonging to the Oleaceae family, native to the Mediterranean region. Known for both its fruit and leaves, this tree is recognised for its various health benefits and gastronomic uses. The leaves of the Olive Tree are thin, long and lance-shaped, dark green in colour and glossy on the upper surface. The lower surface is silvery grey. The leaves contain the substance oleuropein, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The flowers of the olive tree are small, whitish or yellowish in colour and are in the form of panicles. The flowering period takes place in spring. The fruit of the olive tree is known as olives. During the ripening process, olives turn from green to black or dark purple colour. Olives are used for oil production and direct consumption. The tree trunk is grey and cracked. Olive trees are very long-lived and can live for several centuries. Olive trees prefer well-drained soils and plenty of sunlight. It is drought resistant and grows best in warm climates.